BY: SAMANTHA BARTLETT, DVM
A veterinary task force established in 2016 to reconsider lowering the recommended age for spay and neuter of cats has found sufficient evidence to lower the recommended age of sterilization to 5 months or younger. From this report, the Feline Fix by Five campaign was created to provide awareness to veterinarians and the public of this new recommendation. The recommendation has been endorsed by several veterinary entities including the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) and the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP). Many other state and human organizations are also on board with the concept.
Winn Feline Foundation funded a study at University of Florida in Gainesville from 1991 to 1992 in which kittens were divided into 3 groups. Group on3 kittens were sterilized at 7 weeks, Group 2 at 7 months and Group 3 (control group) after 12 months of age. The researchers found no significant differences in development or behavior between groups 1 and 2. Group 3 showed significant differences in lack of affection and behavioral problems but none of the differences between the 3 groups appeared to negatively affect the health of the animals. No negative consequences in the development of the urinary tract were noted in any of the three groups. Pediatric patients of Group 1 tolerated anesthesia well and actually had quicker recovery than Group 2 kittens. That study along with several others conducted at academic institutions led to the recommendation for early spays and neuters to reduce overpopulation and euthanasia due to behavioral problems.
A national survey of veterinary practices in early 2021 revealed that over half of surveyed veterinarians are recommending ovariohysterectomy and castration of cats before 5 months of age. Benefits of spaying kittens before first estrous include decreased risk of mammary carcinoma, elimination of pyometra and dystocia, and avoidance of pregnancy. In addition, early sterilization of males and females potentially decreases behavioral problems that may lead to relinquishment.
More information on the Feline Fix by Five campaign can be accessed at https://www.felinefixbyfive.org/.
